امام ابو حنیفہ کا شورائی منہج اور اس کے اثرات

Abstract

This article explores the codification of Hanafi Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), focusing on the consultative methodology (Shura'i Manhaj) adopted by Imam Abu Hanifa (Nu'man ibn Thabit, d. 150 AH) and its profound impacts. It begins with a biographical sketch of Imam Abu Hanifa, highlighting his lineage, education under prominent scholars like Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, and his esteemed status as a Tabi'i. The core of the article delves into the distinctive feature of Hanafi Fiqh: its foundation not on individual opinion but on collective scholarly deliberation. Imam Abu Hanifa established a council (Shura) of approximately forty distinguished scholars, experts in Hadith, Fiqh, and Arabic language, to meticulously discuss, debate, and derive legal rulings. The article details the reasons and wisdom behind adopting this consultative approach, such as ensuring accuracy, minimizing errors, accommodating the expanding Muslim Ummah's diverse needs, and reflecting Quranic injunctions on consultation. It further examines the process of this Shura, where issues were deliberated for extended periods until a consensus or a preponderant view emerged. The discussion then shifts to the characteristics of Hanafi Fiqh resulting from this methodology, including its practicality, comprehensiveness, logical coherence, foresight in addressing hypothetical issues (Taqdiri Fiqh), and consideration for public interest (Maslaha). The article also touches upon the number of members in the Shura, the vast number of issues compiled, the foundational principles (Usul) of Hanafi Fiqh, and its widespread acceptance and influence. The conclusion reiterates that Imam Abu Hanifa's consultative method was a pioneering approach that ensured the robustness and enduring relevance of Hanafi jurisprudence.