Al-Irfan

امام ابو حنیفہ کا شورائی منہج اور اس کے اثرات

Syed Abdullah Sherazi, Dr. Shams-ul- Arifeen — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the codification of Hanafi Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), focusing on the consultative methodology (Shura'i Manhaj) adopted by Imam Abu Hanifa (Nu'man ibn Thabit, d. 150 AH) and its profound impacts. It begins with a biographical sketch of Imam Abu Hanifa, highlighting his lineage, education under prominent scholars like Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, and his esteemed status as a Tabi'i. The core of the article delves into the distinctive feature of Hanafi Fiqh: its foundation not on individual opinion but on collective scholarly deliberation. Imam Abu Hanifa established a council (Shura) of approximately forty distinguished scholars, experts in Hadith, Fiqh, and Arabic language, to meticulously discuss, debate, and derive legal rulings. The article details the reasons and wisdom behind adopting this consultative approach, such as ensuring accuracy, minimizing errors, accommodating the expanding Muslim Ummah's diverse needs, and reflecting Quranic injunctions on consultation. It further examines the process of this Shura, where issues were deliberated for extended periods until a consensus or a preponderant view emerged. The discussion then shifts to the characteristics of Hanafi Fiqh resulting from this methodology, including its practicality, comprehensiveness, logical coherence, foresight in addressing hypothetical issues (Taqdiri Fiqh), and consideration for public interest (Maslaha). The article also touches upon the number of members in the Shura, the vast number of issues compiled, the foundational principles (Usul) of Hanafi Fiqh, and its widespread acceptance and influence. The conclusion reiterates that Imam Abu Hanifa's consultative method was a pioneering approach that ensured the robustness and enduring relevance of Hanafi jurisprudence.

قبل از اسلام شہر مکہ میں معاہدات کی نوعیت و حیثیت

Dr. Muhammad Abid Nadeem — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

By nature Human Being are social. All progress made by them since human life on this planet earth is because of the social interaction with others. To strengthen this mutual interaction man has always devised some strategy so that the societal and cultural progress may be induced.

There is a great variety in the agreements in Makkan society before Islam. The agreements were for the purpose to abstain from indulging any war like situation, to stop the wars, to call others to help in any battle, to get consensus on the sanctity of some thing, to live together in a peaceful manner, to enhance the trade activities and to for the purpose to search the allies. Sometimes, a special agreement called Wilā was concluded to be the part of some powerful tribe. The purpose of all such agreements was to bring harmony in the society and to develop mutual relations.

The Makkan state had been established before the advent of Islam. The Makkan society has been strengthened through the establishment of Dār alNnadwah. To perfom various functions, so many types of agreements like Wilā, Ḥilf and Ṣulḥ were concluded so that a cooperative atmosphere may be created in any untoward situation. Muhammad (PBUH) also involved himself and abided by such agreements. Even after his migration to Madina, once he said that he would prefer to be the part of agreement like Ḥilf al Fuḍūl over gettine the red camels.

In this dissertation, the importance and categories of the agreements in the Makka will be focused on.

اسلام میں جنگ کے اصول و اخلاقیات :سیرت طیبہﷺ کی روشنی میں

Hafiz Muhammd Ahmad Qadri, Sajjad Hussain — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research study provides a comprehensive analysis of Islamic military ethics and the principles of military leadership exemplified by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, based on practical observations from his Seerah. Islam has confined war within moral and legal framework, rather than viewing it as a mere display of power. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated leadership that was grounded in principles such as Shura (consultation), equality, justice, patience, a realistic assessment of enemy power, and defensive strategies. This study explores practical examples from the Prophet's military campaigns (Battles of Badr, Uhud, and the Trench) and peace agreements (such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah), shedding light on the spiritual, moral, and practical insights of his leadership. Furthermore, the Islamic principles of war are compared with modern international law, including the Geneva Conventions and United Nations regulations, to highlight the superiority and relevance of Islamic principles. The study concludes that Islamic military ethics offer a comprehensive, human-centered framework that can benefit contemporary global society if introduced and applied on a wider scale.

تاریخ و سیرت کی روشنی میں حضرت مغیرہ بن شعبہ رضی اللہ عنہ کے احوال و آثار

Sahib Din, Hafiz Muhammad Adil — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The document serves as a comprehensive historical account of Hazrat Mughira bin Shu'bah (RA), a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), detailing his pivotal role in the expansion and consolidation of Islamic governance and society. It traces his lineage, early life, and conversion to Islam, highlighting his dedication and strategic brilliance in various capacities, including as a diplomat, military leader, and governor of key regions like Basra and Kufa. Notable accomplishments include his significant contributions to the Islamic conquests of Persia and his leadership in battles such as Qadisiyyah and Nahawand, where his tactical expertise was instrumental in defeating formidable adversaries. The narrative also explores his ethical conduct, exceptional oratory skills, political sagacity, and adherence to Islamic values, presenting a nuanced portrait of a leader who exemplified resilience, wisdom, and faith. Additionally, the text provides insights into the socio-political challenges of the time and their resolution through the principles of justice and accountability, offering enduring lessons for governance and leadership in Islamic history.

راہ سلوک و تصوف کے بنیادی اصول و ضوابط کا ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Hassan Fareed Chishti, Dr. Hifsa Munawar (Corresponding Author) — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This dissertation presents an analytical study of the spiritual journey in Sufism, focusing on the path from self-realization to God-realization. It explores the core principles of Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism), emphasizing the inner transformation of the soul through self-awareness, purification, and devotion. The research highlights how Sufism guides individuals to recognize their true selves, which leads to a deeper connection with the Divine. Through an in-depth analysis of Sufi teachings, practices, and the experiences of notable Sufi saints, the study demonstrates how self-knowledge serves as the foundation for attaining spiritual closeness to God. The work contributes to a broader understanding of spirituality in Islam and emphasizes the relevance of Sufi thought in modern times.

شیخ عبد القدوس گنگوہیؒ کے حکمرانوں کے نام مکتوبات کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Dr. Nadia Alam, Prof. Dr. Ali Akbar Al-Azhari — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research article presents a critical and analytical study of the letters written by Shaykh Abdul Quddus Gangohi (RA) to various rulers and political figures of his time. As a prominent Sufi scholar of the Chishti Sabiri order during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Shaykh Abdul Quddus Gangohi played a significant role in shaping the socio-political and spiritual discourse of the Indian subcontinent. His letters reflect not only deep spiritual insight but also thoughtful engagement with the ethical, administrative, and religious responsibilities of political leadership. Through these correspondences, he advised rulers on justice, humility, moral conduct, and the importance of aligning governance with Islamic values. This study examines the historical context, themes, language, and impact of these letters, highlighting their relevance to both spiritual thought and political ethics. By analyzing selected letters, the research aims to shed light on the intersection of Sufism and politics and to contribute to the broader understanding of Islamic political thought in pre-modern South Asia.

Islamic Jurisprudence and Its Social Influence on Human Life

Saima Shehzadi, Hashir Ashfaq — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

As an inspired religion the quality of Islamic thought is distinguished by its laws. Its importance increases even more, when we say its main sources are divine commandment. This knowledge is derived by knowing the wisdom of excerpts of the Quran and Hadith. It is unparalleled in the world perception and consciousness. Islamic jurisprudence not only discusses every aspect of life in pursuit of the teachings of the Holy Quran, but also makes sufficient arrangements for its purification and prove to be driving force in making the civilization and culture purposeful. Quran is a divine gift of “Hadaya”. So the avenues of research on the Quran through consensus and ijtihad are also open until the Day of Judgment. But the right to infer from them has been given only to the best scholars of the Quran and Sunnah. Islamic jurisprudence is more detailed then other laws. In which there is a description of worship, marriage, judgment and beliefs in the hereafter. It may be inferred every aspect of life - formal laws are arranged on the basis of social needs and experiences. The purpose of Islamic jurisprudence is the spiritual training of an individual, the fulfillment of social peace, tranquility, high morals and also to prepare him for the hereafter. In this article the comprehensiveness and social impacts of Islamic jurisprudence will be reviewed in the light of Quranic teaching by using analytical method of research.

Large Language Models (LLMs) as Islamic Guidance Tools: Trust, Limitations, and Ethical Boundaries

Maria Imtiaz, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Mudassar Shafique — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The surge in the availability of large language models (LLMs) has opened up vast prospects and at the same time posed major challenges for Islamic guidance.This study evaluates the role of LLMs in the provision of religious advice for Islam in a critical way. The trust relationships between users, AI, and traditional authorities who are the worm of offense and the peaceable kingdom of their existence and how these relationships are established in the context of LLMs are discussed here. The study makes use of a qualitative, text-based, and critical analysis of original Islamic legal sources, general references, and written LLMs interactions to draw a comparison between LLMs capacities and conventional Islamic epistemological understandings. Results indicate the possibilities of LLMs giving access to the democratization of Islamic information at various levels, allowing for the automation of answers to frequently asked questions, and contributing to the educational networks. At the same time, there are certain critical areas that prove to be stumbling blocks, disabling the otherwise promising idea. In these areas, theological worries about the misunderstanding of sacred texts, data-bias and absence of context adaptation in the technology due to advances, which include technical limitations, and firasah, that the researchers mentioned, the negative effect of the power needed to uphold scholarly authority. There is a huge and important issue which is the privacy factor and the commercialization issue can be brought up to the light as the vast and detailed information might be accessed and/or used commercially. The key to whether the guidance that is derived from LLM is trustworthy comes from the fact that it is transparent and the accuracy of the answers can be attested to by the authoritative sources (Quran, Sunnah) alongside it being under the continuous surveillance of the qualified Islamic scholars.

The Intellectual Legacy of Sharh al-Sunnah: Imam al-Baghawi’s Systematic Defense of the Signs of Prophethood

Sidra Parveen, Hafiz Falak Sher Jan — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Imam Al-Baghawi’s Sharh al-Sunnah is a foundational text in Hadith studies and Islamic jurisprudence encompassing theological discourse legal principles and an extensive discussion on the signs of Prophethood (علاماتِ نبوت). This study critically examines the historical significance of the text its methodological framework and Imam Al-Baghawi’s contributions to the preservation and interpretation of the Sunnah. As a distinguished scholar of the Shafi'i school Al-Baghawi adhered to a rigorous and balanced approach in Hadith compilation, classification and legal analysis. A central aspect of Sharh al-Sunnah is its detailed exposition on the signs of Prophethood documenting various miraculous occurrences in the life of Prophet Muhammad (SAWW) including the splitting of the moon, water emerging from his fingers and inanimate objects acknowledging his Prophethood. These narrations serve as theological affirmations of his divine mission. The study further explores Sharh al-Sunnah’s reliance on authentic sources systematic organization and scholarly commentary underscoring its enduring relevance in Hadith scholarship and Islamic law. Given the advancements in manuscript studies, digital tools and Hadith authentication methodologies a contemporary critical analysis of this work is warranted. The findings emphasize Sharh al-Sunnah’s continued significance as an essential reference in classical and modern Islamic scholarship.