Al-Irfan

معاصرتنازعات کے حل میں فتح مکہ کے اطلاقی پہلوؤں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

2026-05-12T17:03:14+00:00

The Conquest of Mecca (8 AH / 630 CE) stands as one of the most singular events in human history: a militarily dominant power that chose, at the height of its triumph, the path of unconditional pardon over retribution. The proclamation of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) 'Go, for you are free' (Idhabu fa-antum al-tulaqa’) addressed to those who had persecuted him and his companions for over two decades was not merely a political calculation, but the articulation of a comprehensive philosophy of peace. This article examines the Conquest of Mecca as a systematic 'Peace Mission' through a comparative and analytical framework, identifying four foundational pillars of the Prophetic strategy: diplomatic negotiation, military discipline and restraint, general amnesty, and post-conflict institutional reconstruction. Each pillar is evaluated against contemporary conflict resolution theory, drawing upon sources from Harvard's Negotiation Project, Lederach's Conflict Transformation model, and Galtung's peace studies framework. The article further engages landmark modern cases including South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Rwanda's Gacaca courts, Northern Ireland's Good Friday Agreement, the Oslo Accords, and the United Nations' Responsibility to Protect doctrine. Primary Sira sources are employed throughout alongside modern Islamic scholarship. The central argument is that the Prophetic model of the Conquest of Mecca constitutes a theoretically rigorous, ethically unparalleled, and practically applicable paradigm for addressing armed conflict, national reconciliation, and inter-communal peace in the twenty-first century.

مذہبی بے ر غبتیاور ماد ہپرستی: کردا رسازی کے لیےنبوی صلى الله عليه وسلم ج منہ

2026-07-15T05:25:00+00:00

This study examines religious apathy and materialism as major barriers to personality development in Pakistani society and presents their solutions through the Prophetic ((ﷺ educational methodology. It argues that disconnection from religion is not limited to a decline in religious practice but represents a deep intellectual and ideological crisis influenced by modern secular thought, where faith is treated as a personal preference rather than a central truth. The lack of authentic religious knowledge, combined with the influence of elite Westernized culture, has led to intellectual doubt, moral confusion, and weakened spiritual identity among young people.The study also identifies materialism as a destructive force that shifts human focus from moral and spiritual growth toward the pursuit of wealth and possession, resulting in ethical decline, social imbalance, and inner dissatisfaction. By analyzing both Islamic teachings and modern intellectual perspectives, the research shows that materialism weakens values such as compassion, justice, and social responsibility.In response, the Prophetic((ﷺ model of education is presented as a comprehensive solution, emphasizing faith, steadfastness, contentment, altruism, and moral discipline. The lives of the companions, especially Musab ibn Umayr(R.A) and the rightly guided caliphs, are highlighted as practical examples of strong character developed through this educational framework.The study concludes that effective personality development requires restoring religion as a central intellectual and moral foundation. The Prophetic((ﷺ educational approach provides a balanced model that strengthens faith, refines character, and enables individuals to overcome the challenges of secularism and materialism in contemporary society.

مصنوعی ذہانت کے استعمال کی حدود و قیود: معاصر علماء کے اجتہادات کا جائزہ

2026-07-15T06:50:27+00:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technological developments of the contemporary age, significantly influencing education, healthcare, economics, governance, media, and religious discourse. Its rapid expansion has generated complex ethical and juridical questions within Islamic intellectual traditions, compelling contemporary Muslim scholars and juristic institutions to reassess classical legal principles in light of unprecedented technological realities. This study critically examines the limits and regulations of AI usage through the lens of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and modern scholarly ijtihād. The research explores the diverse juristic trends concerning permissibility, conditional permissibility, and prohibition of certain AI applications while situating these discussions within the broader framework of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, ethical governance, and human accountability. The paper argues that the dominant scholarly position does not reject artificial intelligence in its essence; rather, it considers AI a permissible technological instrument whose ruling is determined by its objectives, consequences, and modes of application. Contemporary jurists emphasize that AI can serve legitimate human interests in education, medicine, research, administration, and da‘wah, provided that it remains subject to ethical oversight, legal accountability, and human supervision. At the same time, scholars strongly oppose AI applications associated with deception, deepfake manipulation, intellectual theft, privacy violations, immoral content production, autonomous warfare, and unauthorized religious verdicts. The study further analyzes the positions of contemporary fatwa institutions and international fiqh academies, including the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA), Dār al-Iftā’ bodies, and modern Islamic research centers. Particular attention is given to debates surrounding AI-generated fatwas, Qur’anic interpretation, and the preservation of human scholarly authority in religious sciences. The research demonstrates that contemporary Islamic discourse increasingly advocates a “Human-AI Collaborative Model” in which AI functions as an assistive tool while ultimate moral and juridical judgment remains exclusively human. By integrating classical juridical principles such as al-Aṣl fī al-Ashyā’ al-Ibāḥah, Sadd al-Dharā’i‘, Maṣlaḥah, and Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah with modern technological ethics, the study presents a balanced analytical framework for understanding AI within Islamic thought. It concludes that the future of Islamic legal engagement with AI depends upon interdisciplinary cooperation between jurists, ethicists, policymakers, and technology experts to ensure that technological advancement remains aligned with justice, human dignity, and the higher objectives of Sharī‘ah.

پاکستان میں نوجوانوں میں بڑھتے ہوئے سیکولر رجحانات اسباب، مظاہر اور سماجی اثرات

2026-07-15T06:57:06+00:00

This research paper provides a socio-ideological analysis of the rising secular and atheistic trends among the youth in Pakistan, a country with an overwhelming Muslim majority of over 96%. The study highlights that this ideological shift is not merely a superficial change but a profound structural and cultural crisis that has penetrated beyond the elite classes into middle-class youth through organized digital and social networks. The paper identifies three fundamental causes behind this crisis: the state-level failure to implement Islam as a viable, holistic system of life; the absence of counter-ideological training within educational institutions—rendering them breeding grounds for secular thought; and the intellectual stagnation of the traditional religious leadership in addressing contemporary socio-economic challenges. The findings demonstrate that the social impacts of these trends pose severe threats to Pakistan's traditional family structure and moral values, alienating the younger generation from their religious identity. To counter this crisis, the paper proposes strategic recommendations, including the establishment of an intellectual think tank to deconstruct secular fallacies, a comprehensive digital media campaign to address ideological skepticism, enhanced collaboration between universities and seminaries, and the revitalization of the institution of the mosque into a dynamic "social community center" based on successful Western Muslim models to bridge the gap between youth and religion.

ملفوظاتِ بابا فرید الدین مسعود گنج شکرؒ میں فہمِ قرآن: قدیم تفسیری روایات کے تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

2026-07-15T07:20:37+00:00

This article studies the Qur’anic explanations found in the malfūzāt of Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Ganj-e-Shakar(R.A) and compares them with the views of early Qur’an commentators. The purpose of the research is to understand how Hazrat Baba Farid’s spiritual reflections relate to the basic and early styles of tafseer. The study shows that many of his sayings match the simple and foundational interpretations given by early scholars. Although Hazrat Baba Farid(R.A) expressed his ideas in a spiritual and Sufi manner, the meanings he presented are often similar to the early explanations of the Qur’an. By comparing these interpretations, the article highlights that Sufi teachings and early tafseer traditions are not separate but support each other in understanding the message of the Qur’an. This research also shows how Hazrat Baba Farid’s words help connect spiritual insight with classical Islamic scholarship. Overall, the study proves that early tafseer approaches and Sufi interpretations together offer a deeper and more balanced understanding of Qur’anic teachings.

تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي على وسائل وأساليب الدعوة الإسلامية

2026-07-15T07:25:53+00:00

يُعد الذكاء الاصطناعي من أبرز التحولات التقنية في العصر الحديث، وقد امتد أثره إلى مجالات متعددة، وفي هذا السياق، برزت إمكانية توظيف هذه التقنية الحديثة في خدمة الدعوة الإسلامية، من حيث تطوير أدوات وأساليب التواصل الدعوي، ونشر رسالة الإسلام بشكل أكثر تأثيراً. يتناول هذا البحث دراسة توظيف الذكاء الاصطناعي في العمل الدعوي الإسلامي في ظل التطورات التكنولوجية المتسارعة، مع التركيز على تحليل الفرص التي تتيحها هذه التقنية، وتسليط الضوء على كيفية الاستفادة منها في تعزيز الدعوة الإسلامية ونشرها. تكمن أهمية الدراسة من تناولها لموضوع حديث ومرتبط بالواقع المعاصر، إلى جانب قلة الأبحاث التي تناولت هذا الجانب ضمن سياق الدعوة الإسلامية. ويعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج الاستقرائي، من خلال مراجعة الدراسات والأبحاث ذات الصلة. ومن أبرز النتائج: أن توظيف الذكاء الاصطناعي في الدعوة الإسلامية يمكن أن يسهم في تطوير الوسائل الدعوية، وتحقيق انتشار أوسع وأكثر تأثيرًا لرسالة الإسلام.

The Concept of Prophethood in Islamic Creed: A Theological and Epistemological Analysis

2026-07-15T07:30:58+00:00

This paper examines the concept of Prophethood (al-Nubuwwah) within the framework of classical Islamic creed (al-ʿAqīdah), focusing on the theological rationale for divine guidance being delivered through selected Prophets rather than through universal direct revelation. The study employs transmitted evidence from the Qurʾān and Sunnah (al-dalāʾil al-naqliyyah), alongside rational reflection (al-dalāʾil al-ʿaqliyyah) grounded in the principles of Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Within this framework, Prophethood is understood as a divinely instituted rank characterized by essential qualities such as trustworthiness (amānah), wisdom (ḥikmah), perseverance, and infallibility (ʿiṣmah), which ensure the reliable transmission of revelation (waḥy). The paper further emphasizes that it is not a humanly acquired station (kasb), but a purely divine bestowal (wahb) grounded in divine wisdom and selection. In addition, the study engages selected Enlightenment critiques of revelation, particularly those associated with David Hume and Immanuel Kant. These critiques are then revisited through the lens of contemporary Islamic metaphysics, especially the work of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas. It argues that Islamic theology offers a coherent epistemological structure that preserves both the rational credibility and moral authority of Prophethood.