بین الاقوامی حلال مارکیٹ میں فقہی چیلنجز اور ان کا تقابلی جائزہ

Jurisprudential Challenges in the International Halal Market and Their Comparative Analysis

Abstract

The global halal industry has emerged as one of the fastest-growing segments of the international economy, extending far beyond its religious foundations to become a recognized symbol of quality, purity, and consumer trust. Despite its expansion into multiple sectors—including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, logistics, and fashion—the industry faces significant jurisprudential and regulatory challenges. Divergences among Islamic schools of law regarding issues such as mechanical slaughter, stunning, gelatin and enzyme usage, istihalah (transformation), istihlak (absorption), and lab-grown meat have created inconsistencies in halal certification systems worldwide. Comparative studies of halal standards in Malaysia, Indonesia, the GCC, and Pakistan reveal variations shaped by legal, cultural, and fiqh-based approaches. This lack of uniformity often undermines consumer confidence and creates trade barriers in international markets. The discussion highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary dialogue among scholars, policymakers, and scientists to address modern challenges such as GM foods, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology-based products. Strengthening the role of OIC-SMIIC, fostering scholarly engagement across madhahib, and developing a unified halal standard grounded in Maqasid al-Shariah are critical steps toward ensuring global recognition, consumer trust, and sustainable growth of the halal industry.