The Rise of Spontaneous Vigilante Terrorism in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects

Abstract

This paper looks at the alarming trend of spontaneous vigilante terrorism in Pakistan, which can be characterized as random, extrajudicial violence by individuals or mobs often leading to death especially in relation to the controversial blasphemy laws that are enforced in the country. Through a mixed-methods research design, the study employs the Constructivist approach to suggest that the phenomenon is largely based on a strong religious extremist tradition and lack of tolerance, augmented by historical incidences such as the Islamization of Zia-ul-Haq and consistent sectarian divisions instigated by regional interests. Quantitative information puts into light the aggregate of blasphemy-related violence especially in Punjab with Umerkot Incident being a case in point of the failure of law and order and the support of state actors. The conclusion of the paper recommends short-term and long-term counter-extremism measures such as democratic religious forums, reforming of curriculum and successful implementation of justice to curb regression of society.