Policy Implications of Road Accident Patterns in Pakistan

Authors

  • Aiman Badar IUB

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58932/MULA0047

Keywords:

Road safety, Traffic accidents, Pakistan, Human factors, Road infrastructure

Abstract

There is a serious threat to public health and safety from road accidents in Pakistan. The people, places, and things that play a role in these incidents were the focus of this investigation. This descriptive study makes use of a secondary source data set that relates to RTCs that occurred on highways and motorways in Pakistan from 2016 to 2021. Based on our research, heavy traffic times, weekends, and populated areas were found to be high-risk places and times. Accident causes include unfavorable weather, drivers' ages and genders, and the condition of the roads. The 5Ps of road safety: plan, protect, prevent, prepare, and promote propose a holistic strategy to tackle these problems. Pakistan may drastically cut down on traffic accidents and increase safety by adopting these measures.

References

Afridi, A., Shahzad, H., Akhter, J., Nouman, M., Hussain, S., Shah, R., . . . Hayat, T. (2021). Trends of Road Traffic Accidents: Patterns of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents Victims: A study from Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar KPK. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 12(2), 254-267. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582194.

Åkerstedt, T., Kecklund, G., & Hörte, L. (2001). Night driving, season, and the risk of highway accidents. Sleep, 24(4), 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1093/SLEEP/24.4.401.

Akhtar, A., Brooks, A., Kitchen, S., & O'Connor, R. (2023). 68 The Diurnal and Seasonal Relationships of Young Pedestrian Injuries Secondary to Motor Vehicles. British Journal of Surgery, 5(2), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znad258.355.

Akshay, G., Pushpa, C., & Manoranjan, P. (2021). Understanding and modelling risky driving behaviour on high-speed corridors. . Transportation Research Part F-traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50(2), 258-271. doi: 10.1016/J.TRF.2021.09.009.

Ahmad, S., Qamar, A. J., Bhatti, M. A. A., & Bashir, U. (2023). Integrating Islamic Ethics with Modern Governance: A Comprehensive Framework for Accountability Across Religious, Social, and Economic Dimensions. Al-Irfan, 8(15), 51-79.

Ali, S., Aasim, N., & Malik, A. (2022). Road traffic accident trauma: A model for road safety management utilizing the artificial intelligence with geo-mapping and geospatial data in Pakistan. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (JPMA), 72(3), 400-403 . https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.22-017.

Alvaro, P., Burnett, N., Kennedy, G., Min, W., Mcmahon, M., Barnes, M., . . . Howard, M. (2018). Driver education: Enhancing knowledge of sleep, fatigue and risky behaviour to improve decision making in young drivers. Accident; analysis and prevention, 112, 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.12.017.

Ambanattu, E., Umar, A., Akolaa, E., Sreejith, A., Sreedharan, J., & Muttappallymyalil, J. (2023). Effect of climate change on road traffic accidents in the UAE: a narrative review. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 10(7) 2626-2628, https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232063.

Bhele, R., & Rajchal, P. (2023). Accident Analysis and Identification of Black Spots on Road Section from Sanga to Dhulikhel in Araniko Highway. Journal of Transportation Systems, 8(3), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.46610/jots.2023.v08i03.003.

Brogmus, G. (2007). Day of the week lost time occupational injury trends in the US by gender and industry and their implications for work scheduling. Ergonomics, 50, 446 - 474. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130601133826.

Delgado, M. K., Wanner, K. J., & McDonald, C. (2016). Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention. Media and communication, 4(3), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i3.536.

Dias, D., Silva, J., & Bernardino, A. (2023). The Prediction of Road-Accident Risk through Data Mining: A Case Study from Setubal, Portugal. Informatics, 10, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics10010017.

Ebel, B. (2013). Young drivers and the risk for drowsy driving. JAMA pediatrics, 167 (7). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2456.

Faizan, K. (2021). Forensic investigation of road traffic accident cases in Pakistan and Types of Physical Evidence. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 5(4), 405-422. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-iv)32.

Hammad, H., Ashraf, M., Abbas, F., Bakhat, H., Qaisrani, S., Mubeen, M., . . . Awais, M. (2019). Environmental factors affecting the frequency of road traffic accidents: A case study of sub-urban area of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 11674-11685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04752-8.

Hussein, N., Hassan, R., & Fahey, M. (2021). Effect of pavement condition and geometrics at signalised intersections on casualty crashes. Journal of Safety Research, 76, 276-288 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2020.12.021.

Islam, N., Iqra, S., Huq, A., & Tasnim, A. (2023). An econometric analysis of weather effects on roadway crash severity in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Sustainability, 15(2), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712797.

Keall, M., Frith, W., & Patterson, T. (2005). The contribution of alcohol to night time crash risk and other risks of night driving. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 37(5), 816-24 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AAP.2005.03.021.

Khurshid, A., Sohail, A., Khurshid, M., Shah, M., & Jaffry, A. (2021). Analysis of Road traffic accident fatalities in Karachi, Pakistan: An autopsy-based study. Cureus, 13(4) 2-7. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14459.

Lee, D., Guldmann, J., & Rabenau, B. (2023). Environment, and road conditions on crash severity: A logit modeling approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032338.

Li, Y., Varghese, B., Liu, J., Bi, P., & Tong, M. (2023). Association between High Ambient Temperatures and Road Crashes in an Australian city with temperate climate: A time-series study, 2012–2021. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116000.

Manzoor, I., Younis, A., Iftikhar, H., Naveed, K., Gurmani, H., & Ghias, H. (2023). Risk factors associated with fatality in road traffic accidents in Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Public Health, 20(3), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1057.

Mhetre, K., & Thube, A. (2023). Count data modeling for predicting crash severity on Indian Highways. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 13(5), 11816-11820. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6172.

Mkwata, R., & Chong, E. (2022). Effect of pavement surface conditions on road traffic accident - A Review. E3S Web of Conferences, 347, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234701017.

Nguyen, L., Jauregui, B., & Dinges, D. (1998). Changing behaviors to prevent drowsy driving and promote traffic safety: Review of proven, promising, and unproven techniques. United States Department of Transport. https://doi.org/10.1037/e363892004-001.

Park, D., Kwon, K., & Park, J. (2023). Exploration of highway accidents temporal changes using traffic and climate big data . Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 176(4), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.23.00029.

Rasol, M., Schmidt, F., Ientile, S., Adelaide, L., Nedjar, B., Kane, M., & Chevalier, C. (2021). Progress and monitoring opportunities of skid resistance in road transport: A critical review and road sensors. Remote. Sens., 13, 3729. https://doi.org/10.33.

Rafaqat, M., Azad, F., Ahmad, S., Aijaz, K., Ikram, S. H., Bashir, U., Bhatti, M. A. A., & Saeed, S. (2024). Impact of Governance and Strategy Performance on Employer Branding. Research Journal for Societal Issues, 6(2), 852–867.

Sangkharat, K., Thornes, J., Wachiradilok, P., & Pope, F. (2021). Determination of the impact of rainfall on road accidents in Thailand. Heliyon, 7(2), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06061.

Sanjurjo-de-No, A., Pérez-Zuriaga, A., & García, A. (2023). Factors influencing the pedestrian injury severity of micromobility crashes. Sustainability, 15(9), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914348.

Tayyab, S., Hussain, A., Haq, F., & Ahmed, S. (2021). Policy proposal to solve road traffic accidents in Pakistan. Road and Rail Infrastructure, VI. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1197.

Tiruneh, A. S.-T., Mnouskin, Y., Bala, M., Rivkind, A., Shaked, G., Simon, D., & Soffer, D. (2018). Are injury admissions on weekends and weeknights different from weekday admissions? European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 46, 197-202.

Ullah, H., Farooq, A., & Shah, A. (2021). An empirical assessment of factors influencing injury severities of motor vehicle crashes on national highways of Pakistan. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2021(1), 6358321. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6358321.

Willens, M. (2024, August 7). Distracted Driving: A leading cause of car accidents. Retrieved from Chicago Personal Injury Lawyers at Willens & Baez.: https://www.willenslaw.com/distracted-driving-a-leading-cause-of-car-accidents-in-chicago/

Yakunin, I., & Yanuchkov, M. (2023). Mathematical modeling of accidents in road transport at high ambient temperatures. Intellect. Innovations. Investments, 12(3), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2023-3-107.

Younis, M., Batool, Z., Bukhari, M., Rehman, Z., Shahzad, S., Rehman, A., . . . Ali, M. (2019). Pattern of underreporting of Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs): An investigation of missing burden of RTIs in Pakistan. Journal of Transport & Health, 14, 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JTH.2019.100575.

Zhang, X. (2023). Study on rainy weather situation of highway based on historical rainfall classification. Academic Journal of Science and Technology, 30, 2194-2198. https://doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v5i2.6048.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-30

How to Cite

Badar, A. (2024). Policy Implications of Road Accident Patterns in Pakistan. Journal of Professional Research in Social Sciences, 11(2), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.58932/MULA0047

Issue

Section

Articles (English)