Community-Led Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) through SRAM Model in the UK: Evaluating Policy Implications for Pakistan

Abstract

This research paper analyses the effectiveness of community-led counter-extremism models and the Socio-Religio-Academic Mentoring (SRAM) model, which was developed in the United Kingdom. Based on detailed mixed-methods research, the study compares community-led and government-led Counter Violent Extremism (CVE) programs. It delves into the practical application of the SRAM approach in Pakistan. The qualitative phase involved document review of the UK-based CVE initiatives, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions of the UK-based CVE initiatives, and the quantitative phase involved a survey of around 500 Pakistani university students, which aimed to measure awareness and attitudes towards extremism. Key findings include that the participation, completion, and level of trust in community-led programs are significantly higher than the participation and completion of government-led programs. The SRAM approach yielded significant positive results, such as increased educational engagement, improved employability, decreased reoffender rates, and improved critical thinking skills. Overall, Pakistani students had a high awareness of the causes of extremism, but a low conceptual understanding, making it crucial to provide a structured education on CVE in higher education institutions. This research concludes that effective CVE strategies need to include education, mentoring, and community involvement, as well as consider cultural, religious, and socioeconomic issues. The suggestions are to set up compulsory CVE modules in universities, create elaborate mentoring programs, and improve the relationship between educational institutions and community organizations and also to change the SRAM model for the socio-political context in Pakistan. The article adds to the worldwide debate concerning counter-extremism, delivering evidence-based lessons learned about interventions delivered in the community and their potential for lasting effect.