Journal of Biomolecular Sciences

Optimization of Cadmium Biosorption by Cadmium Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Industrial Effluents

Aleena Zainab Balouch, Qamar Abbas, Hafiz Zeshan Wadood — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental pollution with cadmium (Cd⁺²), presents serious health hazards as well as environmental issues. The main objective of this study was to check the optimum physiological conditions for Cd⁺²biosorption by the bacteria isolated from industrial effluents. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cd⁺² for the bacterial isolates was determined for the screening of the bacteria. Out of all the bacterial isolates, RNLI S1 had the highest MIC value equal to 600 µg/ml. RNMD S3 and RNLI S2 showed the same MIC values equal to 550 µg/ml, which was the second highest value. The MIC values of the bacterial isolates RNMD S4 and RNMD S5 were 500 and 450 µg/ml, respectively. RNLI S6 has the lowest MIC value among all the bacterial isolates which was equal to 400 µg/ml. Three bacterial isolates RNLI S1, RNMD S2, and RNLI S3 were selected for further experiments based on their MIC values. The optimization of physiological parameters such as temperature and pH for cadmium biosorption ability of these bacteria was carried out. Cadmium biosorption potential of RNMD S2 (92.04%) and RNLI S3 (90.81%) was maximum at 45℃, whereas RNLI S1 (88.38%) showed maximum biosorption at 37℃. Optimum pH for maximum cadmium biosorption was 9 for RNMD S2 (80.65%) and RNLI S3 (79.16%) and for RNLI S1 (80.31%) it was found to be 7. The findings of this study highlight the potential of these bacterial isolates, RNLI S1 (Pseudomonas sp.), RNMD S2 (Micrococcus sp.) and RNLI S3 (Acinetobacter sp.) in the application of cadmium bioremediation at various contaminated sites.

Breathe Easy: Unlocking the Power of Probiotics for Recurrent Respiratory Infections (RRIs) in Children

Laiba Batool — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Recurrent Respiratory Infections (RRIs) constitute a remarkable strength analysis and are liable for a serious mortality rate in children worldwide. Viral or bacterial infections have been recognized as vital contributing factors for death and disorder in the respiratory tract. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) produce serious respiratory illnesses from common cold-like symptoms to severe conditions, usually attacking the lungs and other internal organs. Anyhow, RRIs particularly diminish a child or family’s standard of living and give rise to therapeutic costs. Innate and acquired immunity are quickly involved in identifying and eliminating pathogenic species. Several nutritional additives like probiotics have been revealed to control immune functions and reduce the chance of RTIs. Probiotic bacteria as useful microbes can modify common viral replication, such as barrier functions and innate or adaptive immune responses. Moreover, interference with probiotics could influence the framework of the gut microbiota that can control pulmonary immune functions through the gut-lung axis. Hence, probiotics could guide medical management in designing targeted and alternative medicinal applications for RRIs in children.

Expression Analysis of Trehalose Biosynthesis Gene under Drought Stress in Wheat

Zahida Yaseen, Syed Sarfaraz Hussain — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Trehalose is a glucose dimer and has been detected in a number of organisms. During physiological stress conditions such as salinity and desiccation, it functions as a complete protectant. Although trehalose biosynthesis has been observed in higher plants, the details of its physiological functions and the regulation of its pathways remain unknown. In recent years, however, a growing consensus has emerged that trehalose plays a role in plant growth and metabolism, as well as in tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent data have revealed that trehalose is not just a protective sugar, but a multifunctional molecule, as it acts as a signaling molecule and impacts many pathogenic microorganisms and the infectivity of several others. Trehalose is both biosynthesized and applied exogenously. It increases the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. Recent studies have identified trehalose biosynthesis genes in local germplasm of wheat, such as the variety “Millat 1” under drought stress for different durations (2h, 4h, 6h, and 8h), compared to control plants.

Characterization of SlFSR Gene for Increasing the Shelf Life of Tomato by Some Bioinformatics Tools

Fiza Younas, Yusra Tariq, Abdul Manan, Muzzammil Hussain, Shah Zaib — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tomatoes are known as Solanum lycopersicum in scientific language around the world. These are predominantly consumed in the cooking of food and salads. It enhances the food's taste. Due to being temperature sensitive, it has a short life span on the kitchen shelf. To control the temperature sensitivity of tomatoes, first understand the mechanism of the genes that are involved in it. This study is mainly related to the SlFSR gene. It is involved in the ripening mechanism that’s why it has a great impact in controlling the shelf life of tomatoes. The GRAS transcriptional factor controls many gene’s process, it is also responsible for the proper functioning of SlFSR gene. The genes of the GRAS (TF) family contribute its role in the ripening procedure of fruits. To increase the shelf life of fruits, these genes will be helpful. According to this study, If SlFSR gene mute its function, or slow down the process of ripening it may enhance the shelf life of the fruit. This Insilico-based research, made the understanding of different computational analysis. It provides the deep information about the target gene, e.g., structure, function, and atomic composition of the gene. The Expasy translate tool is used to convert nucleotide sequence into protein sequence, Expasy Portparam identifies the domain and function of the gene, InterProScan tells about the protein family, Swiss model is used to generate the 3-D modeling structure, and the phylogeny tree is generated by ClustalW tool to understand the evolutionary history of the desired gene. The insilico tools and softwares predict that the SlFSR gene product has instability index of 48.52, 89.77 aliphatic indexes, and a -0.245 Grand average of hydropathicity. These values strongly predict that the SlFSR is unstable and belongs to the transcription GRAS family that may alter the expression of the genes for the desired product by using DNA binding protein.

Evaluation of Post Cardiopulmonary Bypass Complications Related to Aortic Cross Clamp Time in Cardiac Patients from Selected Hospitals of Lahore-Pakistan

Asia Shabbir, Maria Sadiq, Fatima Umar — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this study the frequency and mortality of pulmonary complications have been investigated after cardiopulmonary bypass related to aortic cross clamp time. High rate of pulmonary complication (58%) has been reported by international journal of surgery. This was a cross-sectional study included 120 patients, which were between 16 to 78 years, with predominant male participants. The research was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology and Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore. The results revealed that about 51(42%) patients had post-operative pulmonary complication due to prolonged aortic cross clamp time (more than 90 minutes), while 37(30%) patients had pleural effusion, 22(18%) patients had prolonged mechanical ventilation, 3(2.5%) patients suffered from pneumonia and 1(0.83%) patient were suffered from pulmonary edema. It was concluded that prolonged aortic cross clamp time (> 90 minutes) is the most predominant post-operative pulmonary complication as compared to pleural effusion and prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Traits in Seeded and Seedless Kinnow Mandarins in Pakistan

Saima Kanwal, Muhammad Jafar Jaskani — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the physical and biochemical qualities of low-seeded and seeded ‘Kinnow’ mandarins cultivated in Pakistan’s Punjab region. Using a randomized complete block design, twenty trees of each variety were sampled, and five fruits from each tree were analyzed for parameters such as fruit weight, peel weight, seed count, peel thickness, juice content, TSS, titratable acidity, and vitamin C. Results indicated that seeded fruits had significantly higher weight (170 g vs. 155 g), peel weight (47.43 g vs. 34.50 g), rag weight (58.20 g vs. 41.14 g), peel thickness (4.09 mm vs. 2.70 mm), and seed count (27 vs. 4) compared to seedless fruits. Conversely, seedless fruits exhibited a higher TSS:TA ratio (15.08 vs. 9.36), reflecting better flavor, and had higher juice content (66.91% vs. 64.14%). Furthermore, vitamin C content was significantly greater in seeded fruits (73.5 mg/100 g). Overall, seed presence influenced key physical and biochemical traits, impacting fruit quality and consumer preferences.