Journal of Basic and Emerging Sciences

Identification, Characterization and Evolutionary Patterns of Abiotic Stress Related Gene(s) in Moringa Oleifera

Kashaf Saadat — 2024-06-30

The drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a perennial crop that has gained popularity in certain developing countries for its high-nutrition content and adaptability to arid and semi-arid environments. The genome of Moringa oleifera, a fast-growing Stress-tolerant orphan crop with highly valuable agronomical, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties, has recently been reported. The present study was conducted to study the seedling growth, morphological and molecular level changes of Moringa under saline soil conditions. Abiotic stress-related genes will be induced in Moringa oleifera and their response to different stress conditions are studied. Plants of Moringa oleifera will be collected. Extraction of DNA can be done by using the CTAB buffer method. PCR will be done for the amplification of abiotic stress-related genes. Bioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic analysis will be performed to check the genetic diversity of the abiotic stress-related gene in Moringa oleifera. The potential candidate of abiotic stress-related genes will be identified and characterized in M. oleifera including WARKY, MoTPS & MoTPP genes. The abiotic stress-responsive genes will also be investigated for genetic improvements. Our analysis reveals that members of the WARKY, TPPS and TPS genes family have an important role in the plant’s response to abiotic stress and are viable candidates for further characterization.

Effect of Linum Usitatissimum and Sesamum Indicum Extract as Growth Promotors a Diets of Fingrlings of Ctenpharyngodon Idella

Sajid Ali — 2024-06-30

A 90-day feeding trial was designed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Linum usitatissimum seed extract and Sesamum indicum seed extract on hematological traits and growth of fingerlings Labeo rohita. Fish were housed in cemented rectangular tanks at stocking density of 130 mg L^-1 of water. There were three treatments and a control group. Control diet contained 32% protein and was composed of conventional ingredients. 1 % of the total ingredients were replaced with Linum usitatissimum seed extract in treatment 1 and 2% with Sesamum indicum seed extract in treatment 2 respectively. Treatment 3 composed of 96% of control diet + 2% Linum usitatissimum and 2% Sesamum indicum seed extract. Feed was offered to fish @ 2% of its body weight. Initial and final weight of Labeo rohita fingerlings was 7.33, 15.98g in control, 7.14 , 17.38 g in T₁, 7.27 , 16.49 g in T₂ and 7.30, 16.86 g in T₃ respectively. All treatments showed better growth than control but treatment composed of linseed oil in diet showed significantly higher growth. Hematological studies showed increased levels of Hemoglobin, Platelets, TLC, RBCs, HCT, WBCs, and MCH in treatments while the level of Lymphocytes & MCV decreased as compared to control diet. Fish fed diet with 2% linseed extract in feed showed highest weight gain (10.24g) best F.C.R (1.28) and good hematological results suggesting that Linum usitatissimum seed extract is better option to include in future feed formulations for Ctenopharyngodon idella.

Behavioral assessment and Activity Pattern of Two-toed Ostrich (Struthio camelus) in captive environment

Safdar Sidra — 2024-06-30

Captive conditions can result in deviation in behaviour and activities of the animals from the wild environment. It is necessary to regularly monitor the activities and behavioral pattern in captive animals to record any changes from normal for the well-being of the animals. Two-toed ostrich (Struthio camelus) is a large flightless bird endemic to the Ethiopian region. It is being farmed in many countries due to its low fat content and favorable fatty acid profile as compared to beef. The behaviour of ostrich is not well studied in wild or captivity so the current study was designed to observe and compare the behavioral trends in ostrich in three different captive environments i.e. Lahore Zoo (a highly urbanized locality), Captive Breeding and Research Center, UVAS (a semi-urban site), and Rachna Wildlife Park (a semi-captive environment). While there was no significant difference to be observed in activity pattern of ostrich in semi-urban environment and highly urbanized settings, time budget for various activities differed with the time of the day. Seasonal impact upon the general behaviour was also found to be pronounced.

Correlation Study of Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (Type I and II) from Pakistan

Mehnaz Akhtar — 2024-06-30

Diabetes mellitus and thyroid hormonal imbalance are the two most common endocrine disorders which run parallel in clinical pattern due to malfunctioning of insulin hormone and thyroid hormones. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevailing carbohydrate metabolic disorder where 463 million adults suffering with type 2 diabetes. This study comprised a survey of thyroid disorders of diabetic subjects and the estimation of thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine T3, thyroxine T4 and thyroid stimulating hormones TSH in diabetic patients and their comparison with healthy controls. The study group consisted of 100 diabetic patients with mean age 45 years (± 10.5), mean height 166 cm (± 10.42) and average weight 70 kg (± 16.9). 40 healthy subjects without these endocrine disorders were selected as controls. For study purpose diabetic patients were divided in three groups having type I, type II diabetes and non-diabetic controls. The status of diabetes and thyroid function status including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was analyzed by study performa along with other facts like age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure etc. among study participants. The study showed that both disorders were correlated with each other where diabetic females were at high risk of thyroid dysfunction. This study demonstrates the positive correlation of both endocrine disorders in our local community which would help the clinicians in treatment of patients suffering with health issues.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Cu-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Muhammad Hamza Rasheed — 2024-06-30

A novel green method in which Tulsi is used as a precursor. Cu-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles are obtained by mixing solutions related to metal salts with plant extracts. The plant extracts contain various photochemical contents reducing and capping agents towards the metal ions in the solution. The synthesized particle showed UV absorption of 0.085 and 0.347 at 368 and 206nm, respectively. The FTIR spectrum of Copper-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles was noticeable in the 400-4000 cm range. The widespread peaks are seen sort of 817cm⁻¹which forecast the existence of the ꞊C-H group on the surface of NP. Particles not shown any zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus(+) and E-coli(-).

Impacts of Heavy Metals and Behavioral Changes in Humans

Ayesha Baig — 2024-06-30

Heavy metal pollution not only affects the environment but if absorbed into the body such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic can accumulate in leading to a range of adverse health effects. Chronic exposure to heavy metals can result in long term health problem. Various behavioral changes are associated with heavy metals exposure such as depression, anxiety, irregular heartbeats, stress, decrease in strength and power, lack of confidence, restlessness, lack of tolerance and aggressions among the individuals and the society as a whole. This review entails the information regarding sources of heavy metals, exposure pathways and health effects of heavy metals resulting in behavioral changes in humans.