Minhaj International Journal of Economics and Organization Sciences

Revealing the Economic Consequences of Prosecution Failures within Pakistan's Criminal Justice Systems: A Focus on Ethical Considerations, with Comparative Insights from Norway

Kashif Mushtaq Warraich, Junaid Sattar Butt — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A criminal justice system always desires to discouraging criminality, upholding collective control, and both punishing and restoring individuals who commit criminalities. Nevertheless, the weaknesses in this system, which includes ethnic and socioeconomic unfairness, can dent this classic of fairness. The questions that what problems the police, prosecutors, judiciary etc. are facing and how these glitches may be resolute. There are different hitches with police (investigator officers) public prosecutors, judiciary and prison in the country especially in Punjab, such as political and other pressure, their limited powers for proceeding in cases, the discretion they workout, engagement of private councils by the complainants, the disciplinary thoughts that outlines many of them observes, their un-accountability, and administrative indolence within their offices. The main problems inter alia are frequent transfers, the improbability of their roles, inadequate ability to dig out the evidences of the cases, poor assistance to the courts, unwanted delays in decisions, unfriendly attitude and behavior of officers of polices/ prison and lengthy proceedings which are question marks. This paper provides an overview of existing Criminal Justice System in Punjab/ Pakistan, the details of its key features along with different unethical practices existing in each aspect and ways to counter them. This paper narrates different training programs conducted by United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime in Pakistan with prosecution and police department, which may be replicated throughout the Country for achieving maximum results. This paper also shares certain features of the Norwegian criminal justice system highlighting the reasons of this system being best in the world according to WJP rule of law index. In conclusion, this paper shares multiple recommendations, which may provide basis of bringing positive change in the current justice system of the Country.

Impact of Stock Repurchase Decision on Firm Performance: An Analysis of Pakistani Firms

Ayesha Bashir, Sohail Nawaz Malhi, Muhammad Haseeb Mirza — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the long-term performance of the firm and the factors that influence a company’s decision to engage in stock repurchase. The intricate relationship between stock repurchase decisions and their impact on firm performance focuses on several key factors: financial position, stock price, shareholders pressure, EPS growth, investment opportunities, and financial position. Stock repurchases have become a common financial strategy, aiming to optimize their capital structure and enhance shareholders’ value. The outcome of this study provides valuable insight for corporate decision-makers, investors, and regulators, helping them better understand the intricate relationship between stock repurchase decisions and the financial health and strategic positioning of firms in a dynamic and competitive market environment.

Cash Holding and Value of Firm: An Empirical Study of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange

Raimi Adoke Hameed, Musa Leah — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Over the years, the exact amount to hold as cash by commercial banks in Nigeria has been a critical issues which affect their value. Therefore, this study aim is to examine the extent at which cash holding and firm value of 12 Deposit Money Banks that are listed on the 31^st December, 2022 under the umbrella of regulatory Nigeria Exchange of Stock. The period covered in the course of this study is 11 years which consist of 2012-2022. In measuring, firm value was connected to value of market equity plus debts of total divided by the summation all assets. Cash holding is measured are as follows; Profitability is measured through gross profit margin of the firm, growth sales is measured via total sales-total sales in its previous period)/ total sales. The variable of assets growth is also measured total asset - total assets in its previous period)/ total asset. The research design of Ex-post facto was employed in this study. During data analysis the following were obtained because of the nature of the study; descriptive statistics, regression analysis, random effect, fixed effect and variance inflation factor test. After testing the hypotheses, the demonstrated that among the variables in this study, profitability and growth in sales which constitutes to the independent variable have significant and positive effect for cash holding. Along the line, growth in assets has no significant influence on the cash holding of the firm. Hence, the current study make the recommendations in line with study result of regression analysis and other testing that; bank managers should as a matter of reality advice the banks of receiving and making deposit available to use more of growth in sales variable and profitability in their business since it improves value of the firm. More importantly, they can reduce the quantum growth of assets use as it will in any way improve value of the firm.

Economics, Arbitration and Technology: Digitalization Trends in Nordic Dispute Resolution.

Junaid Butt — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Arbitration is a dispute resolution process where parties agree to submit a dispute to one or more arbitrators who make a binding decision, avoiding the need for a court appearance. In recent years, the integration of digital solutions into arbitration processes has gained momentum worldwide, promising greater efficiency, accessibility, and transparency. The Nordic region's robust legal systems and innovation-driven economies are driving the fusion of technology and arbitration in dispute resolution, revolutionizing the process. Issues concerning intellectual property, data privacy, and online contracts are becoming increasingly prevalent. The research will examine how the digitalization of the economy is giving rise to new types of disputes and delves into the evolving landscape of arbitration, exploring how these three elements – arbitration, economic trends, and technological advancements – is shaping the future of how disagreements are settled in the Nordic region. Drawing upon a multidisciplinary approach, this research examines how digital solutions are transforming arbitration processes in Nordic countries, from online case management platforms to virtual hearings and electronic evidence management systems. Through empirical analysis, case studies, and comparative assessment, the study evaluates the economic implications of digitalization for Nordic arbitration, including its impact on cost-efficiency, accessibility, and the attractiveness of Nordic jurisdictions as arbitration venues. Moreover, the paper examines the evolving regulatory landscape governing technology-enabled arbitration in Nordic jurisdictions, identifying key legal considerations, procedural implications, and best practices for practitioners and stakeholders. By offering insights into the nexus of arbitration, economy, and technology in the Nordic context, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the evolving dynamics of dispute resolution in an increasingly digitalized world, while providing practical guidance for navigating the complexities of modern arbitration practice.

Islamic Welfare System as a Preference to Support Economic Development: A Panacea to the Welfare Challenges in North East Nigeria

Muhammad Kabiru Sabo, Muhammad Hamma `Adama Ahmad — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The harmful fallacy in capitalist economy is the payment of usury “interest” that plays uncalled-for role in the system, which is based on exploitation, uncontrolled profit making, misappropriation of public funds, and increasing socio-economic inequality, which becomes the main feature of a democratic system of governance, the living conditions of the average citizen continuous to decline in North East Nigeria, this motivated the writing of this paper. Islamic welfare system encompasses human wellbeing, fostering of good life to all livings, nurturing a climate of love and affection. The article is geared to answer the question, how is the welfare system in Islam seen in the context of contemporary welfare challenges in North East of Nigeria? The article aims to examine the welfare system in Islam as seen in the context of contemporary welfare challenges. The paper is positional in nature. The Methodology used in developing this paper is based on consultation of literature related to the subject matter. The paper find that the living condition and welfare of the people is the prey, and the living conditions of the average citizen continue to decline. The paper recommendes that governments ought to set up principles of socio-economic justice in the distribution of income and wealth; for the welfare of Muslims` Community. It concludes that Muslims should always manifest and advocate the practice of donations and feedings, voluntary expenditure, as well as Al-Waqf endowment for the benefits of masses.

Islamic Welfare, Socio-Economic Justice