Minhaj International Journal of Economics and Organization Sciences

The Impact of Operating Lease Practices on the Financial Performance of Nigerian Conglomerates

Raimi Adoke Hameed — 2025-12-30

The financial performance of conglomerate firms in Nigeria has raised significant concerns among stakeholders. There may be several factors that impede such performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate how operating leases and the financial performance of five conglomerate companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2024, relate to one another. The timeframe encompassed in this study spans a decade, specifically from 2015 to 2024. Financial performance was measured by dividing profit after taxes by total assets. The following metrics are used to measure operating leasing: assets tangibility, are measured by dividing fixed assets by total assets, lease income, net sales to fixed assets, and total lease to total revenue. The ex-post facto research design was employed in this investigation. The following results were achieved during the data analysis process based on descriptive statistics, Hausman test analysis, random effect, fixed effect, and regression analysis. Following hypotheses testing, it was discovered that lease income and financial success were strongly correlated. In the meantime, there is a negative correlation between financial success and other variables, such as overall assets and asset tangibility. In order to guarantee higher profits, the report advises managers of big multinational companies to make efficient use of the company's resources by allocating shareholder funds to lucrative endeavors.

Do Inflation and Exchange Rates Predict Sectoral Equity Returns? Evidence from Banking (Interest-Sensitive) and Healthcare (Non-Interest-Sensitive) Sectors in Pakistan (2013–2023)

Dr Mehwish Malik — 2025-12-30

This study explores the predictive impact of two significant macroeconomic indicators; (inflation and exchange rate) on sectoral returns on equity in Pakistan, focusing on interest-sensitive (banking) and non-interest-sensitive (healthcare) sectors. Due to the sharp economic instability in emerging markets economies (EMEs), the research utilizes analytical tools, a quantitative time series approach using monthly data from 2013 to 2023. The methodology combines unit root testing, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and out-of-sample forecasting to investigate the stationarity and predictive dynamics of the variables. The results show that inflation has a statistically substantial and adverse effect on stock returns and banks in the healthcare sector, with stronger effects detected in the interest-sensitive sector. In contrast, exchange rate depreciation is originating to have a positive and significant influence on equity returns, predominantly in the healthcare sector after the analysis of healthcare markets, signifying sectoral resilience to currency fluctuations. The results support the notion that inflation and exchange rates have meaningful predictive power over sectoral performance, highlighting their role in determining investment strategies and macroeconomic policy. The study relates to the limited body of literature on sector-specific financial forecasting and simulation in emerging market economies (EMEs) and provides valuable understandings for policymakers to develop well-structured government policies and regulations. It also provides the essential information for investors seeking to mitigate risk and improve portfolio performance among macroeconomic volatilities and uncertainty.

Examining the Role of Customer Autonomy and Perceived Security in Shaping E-Trust and Purchase Intention in Online Platforms

Muhammad Mazhar — 2025-12-30

The swift expansion of online markets has led to the necessity to understand the influencing factors of e-trust and purchase intention. This research is based on the theoretical framework of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and explores how customer autonomy and perceived security affect e-trust, which subsequently impacts purchase intention. By exploring these constructs, this study seeks to determine the psychological aspects of consumers that facilitate the process of shaping their online intentional behavior. In order to test the hypothesis, N=190 e-commerce users were taken into consideration. The research study findings indicate that customer autonomy and perceived security have a positive impact on e-trust. These findings suggested that customer should be empowered in decision-making and give them a sense of security to increase their confidence with e-commerce platforms. Based on the results of a survey (N=190), this study found that customer autonomy and perceived security are significantly predictive of e-trust and purchase intention; e-trust also predicts purchase intention positively. The findings reiterate the critical importance of trust-building processes in e-commerce and that e-commerce platforms must focus more on customer autonomy and security concerns to trigger customer trust and consequently, their intention to buy. The implications of the research are that managers and online retailers ought to develop consumer-centric platforms that would balance between autonomy and security to attain sustainable growth.

Impact of Autocratic Leadership on Employee Performance: A Moderated Mediated Analysis in SMEs of Pakistan

Muhammad Sheikh — 2025-12-30

Effective leadership plays a crucial role in shaping organizational outcomes, particularly in enhancing employee performance. Scholars and practitioners have extensively studied different leadership styles to understand their potential impact on various organizational dimensions, including job satisfaction, motivation, and productivity. The purpose of study is to investigate the effects of autocratic leadership on employee performance and also the contextual factors that mediates the relationship between autocratic leadership style and employee performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The methodology used in this research is quantitative. For this research, the population is employees (individual) working in the SME’s of Pakistan. A total of 525 questionnaires were distributed. Out of which 516 questionnaires were returned. 7 questionnaires were containing missing values. The final datasheet containing 509 fully completed questionnaires.

Leadership Styles and Sustainable Performance: The Mediating Role of Extra Role Behavior and Human Capital in Pakistani SMEs

Iram Rahmat — 2025-12-30

This study explores the influence of different styles of leadership, specifically servant leadership and spiritual leadership, on sustainable performance in the setting of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Through this research, the researchers want to achieve a thorough grasp of how these leadership styles influence sustainable performance, including human capital and extra-role behavior. A total sample size of 503 participants from different SMEs was used to gather data, employing a purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed using smart PLS. The findings of the study indicate that both servant and spiritual leadership have a positive and significant impact on sustainable performance. The mediating roles of human capital and extra-role behavior were also found to be significant, highlighting their importance in the overall leadership-performance dynamic. It offers practical understandings for leaders and policymakers on how to harness the potential of servant and spiritual leadership to achieve sustainability. This study contributes to testing effects of leadership styles and mediators on sustainable performance in the context of Pakistani SMEs. There were certain limitations of the study e.g. data was cross sectional and only golden triangle was targeted for data collection, which can be addressed in the future.

Rethinking Growth in a Technological Era: Role of Fin-tech and Inclusive Green Growth

Aniqa Ijaz — 2025-12-30

This study aims to examine the impact of fintech on inclusive green growth. The study utilizes the dataset from the World Bank and IMF websites. The data is downloaded from 2019 to 2024. This study utilizes the panel data analysis, mainly relying on the fixed effect model. The results show that fintech has a positive impact on inclusive green growth. The results are further explored for high- and low-income countries, where the findings suggest that countries with high income have a significant impact of fintech on inclusive green growth. These results highlight that rich economies have a more profound relationship among the studied variables. The findings are important for policymakers and regulatory bodies as they help in strategic decision-making. Countries can make policies to accelerate financial technology, as it is beneficial to achieve sustainability goals.

Thematic Analysis of Patient Empowerment in Medicine: A Survey of Literature

Dr. Sadaf Mubeen — 2025-12-30

This paper evokes theoretical research grounded on literature review of studies that exist from 2020 to 2025 on the effects of empowerment into healthcare systems viewed through three primary lenses: patients, professionals, and organizations, healthcare empowerment is more and more recognized as a significant driver of outcomes, professional satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness. Proposing an investment intervention that links empowerment to the advantages of self-care, treatment compliance, work satisfaction, innovation, and system responsiveness, it has a thematic integration of results. Implementing empowerment is difficult, especially when there are supportive societal and cultural structural components lacking. If all else is equal, the research underlying this essay suggests that in order to genuinely transform the idea of empowerment, institutionalization through psychological, structural, and cultural mechanisms across systems is necessary.

Future of Online Dispute Resolution: Revolutionizing Access to Justice

Sanaullah Aman — 2025-12-30

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) is a significant change in how justice is delivered. It uses the most up-to-date digital tools. To address long-standing issues with access, efficiency, and fairness. This paper examines the future of ODR from a theoretical perspective, exploring its core concepts, the impact of technology, its effects on the system as a whole, ethical considerations, and its potential worldwide. In Section 1, we place ODR within the context of procedural justice theory and explore ideas on how to transform digital technology. Its theoretical foundations, technological effects, systemic effects, ethical issues, and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). The test focuses on the notion of procedural justice and the emergence of digital technology. This section examines its theoretical foundations and the technology that underpins it. Global Potential, Systemic Effects, and Ethical Issues The text talks about online dispute resolution (ODR) and the themes in Section 1: "This part looks at procedural justice theory and digital transformation models, focusing on their main ideas, which are different from traditional ADR. These ideas include accessibility, efficiency, neutrality, and transparency." Section 2 examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Block chain, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) can enhance the resolution of disputes more effectively. Section 3 explains what Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) is. This represents a significant shift from traditional, state-based adjudication to a more decentralized and democratic way of acquiring there to providing justice. We discuss other theoretical issues that arise with ODR in Section 4. These include algorithmic bias, digital divisions, data privacy, enforceability, and keeping human agency. We recommend frameworks that prioritize fairness and methods that focus on the user at the forefront. Section 5 discusses the global growth of ODR. This part of the study examines how ODR operates across borders, how international standards are made more consistent, and how ODR will impact society in the long term. We believe that ODR, which is based on procedural legitimacy and driven by digital innovation, has the potential to change how people access justice and make it more democratic. We want to emphasize the importance of having ethical frameworks, good governance, and ongoing scholarly research.