Minhaj International Journal of Economics and Organization Sciences

The Impact of Free Cash Flow on Capital Expenditure in Pakistan's Manufacturing Sector: An Empirical Analysis

Raman kumar — 2024-12-30

This study aims to elucidate the connection between capital expenditure (CapEx) and free cash flow (FCF) among manufacturing firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange and to examine FCF's influence on CapEx. The study focuses on manufacturing firms in Pakistan listed with the SECP as representative businesses. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected throughout the research period. The outcomes demonstrate that FCFs have a statistically significant relationship with the capital expenditure of manufacturing firms. Free Cash Flow (FCF): p-value (0.02 < 0.05). The relationship between FCF and CapEx is statistically significant. Additionally, the analysis revealed that leverage has a notable influence on the capital spending of manufacturing businesses, showing that leverage affects capital expenditure. The research also found that the dividend distribution ratio does not affect the Capital Spending of Manufacturing Firms. For long-term stability in the manufacturing sector, authorities may use these results to inform rules that support sustainable borrowing, encourage sound financial practices, and create balanced dividend and investment plans. It could be advantageous for the upcoming researchers to carry out longitudinal studies to monitor the effects of variations in free cash flows, financial leverage, company size, and liquidity on capital expenditure decisions.

Unveiling the Impact of Compensation Strategies and Awareness on Employee Performance in NGOs (In the Southwestern Region of Afghanistan)

Naqibullah Mashal — 2024-12-30

This study investigates, compensation management, awareness about that and impact of these on employee's performance among NGOs (southern zone of Afghanistan). In this study compensation is broken down into two parts direct and indirect compensation. It is a quantitative study using the primary information collected by questionnaires. 281 questionnaires were answered in different NGOs. Prior to the conduct of the entire study, pilot study was conducted to intensify and ensure whether the corresponding questionnaire is reliable. To Dispose of Items which do not induces reasonable variance in the Latent variable Confirmatory Factor analysis was implemented. For further analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out which included, correlation and regression analysis. The study's findings indicate that there is a strong and positive correlation between employee performance and awareness, employee performance and direct compensation is strong and positive, and employee performance and indirect compensation is weak and positive. Regression analysis yielded an adjusted R square of 0.43; translating this value into a percentage, it becomes 43%, indicating that 43% of the variation can be attributed to independent variables (awareness, direct compensation, and indirect compensation).

Impact of Online Reviews on Hotel Booking Decision

Badar Un Nisa — 2024-12-30

The study looks into the high effect of online customer reviews towards hotel room booking decision, it’s a significant aspect of customers’ behavior and digital change in the hotel industry. The research uses qualitative method by doing interview on the related those are consume or use digital review and hotel managements to conclude the effect on internet reviews on consumer preference or choices. The survey sought to identify what information consumers are looking for when they shop for hotel bookings, and it was clear that genuine and informative reviews clearly have a major impact on booking choices. Another finding of the survey is that people also considered matters of location and price, which were also judged to be important. When it comes to bad reviews from consumers, hotels can try to clean it up with the right response to the patron—especially if what they wrote is quite lengthy. But regardless of what hoteliers can do or say, the damage is already done. It really one of the most basic, over all critical elements in practicing the rules to an sustainable reputation campaign.

The report examines how confident customers are in online reviews and shows the levels of skepticism there is as well as the methods to tell if a review is real or fake. Social proof in reviews and hotel reviews play an important role in travel and booking decisions. This study has implications for both hotel operators, in that it underscores the need for a deliberate approach to managing online reputation and engaging with customer reviews, and for online travel agencies, in that it highlights the risk of various forms of review fraud, including shilling and the planting of negative reviews.

The suggested response means that the key to positively impacting booking decisions and increasing guest satisfaction is to engage with reviews, using them as an ongoing tool for improvement and ensuring online representations match the real guest experience. Research has given us an insight as to how customers are changing in the era of digital media, especially in travel and tourism, focusing on the hotel businesses and the elves the web is giving their customers. This research could be used as a stepping-stone for studying other topics including various digital marketing strategies, the psychological factors of online evaluations, website motivations and new review platforms, to have a better understanding of the digital revolution in the hotel industry.

Factors Influencing Capital Structure of Islamic Banks: A Case from the SAARC Region

Resham Iftikhar — 2024-12-30

The main aim of this study is to determine the elements that have an impact on the capital structure of Islamic banks in the SAARC region. Islamic banks are unique since they operate under the oversight of financial regulatory organizations such as state banks and Shari’ah compliance which are governing their financial activities and expected to influence Islamic banks’ capital structure decisions in comparison to their conventional counterparts. For this study, we built an empirical model to account for the interplay between our independent variables and leverage. From 2011–2021, 17 Islamic banks (IBs) in the SAARC area were used to evaluate the empirical model utilizing a panel data approach and GLS regression analysis with correlated disturbance. This study's empirical findings indicate that the leverage ratio of IBs is positively insignificant when controlling for profitability and non-debt tax shields. The leverage ratio of IBs is positively impacted by tangibility, liquidity, and the size of the bank. However, GDP per capita and growth are negatively insignificant to the leverage ratio. Future studies are suggested in certain ways, in terms of samples other regions and countries could be considered and it is also recommended to take into consideration other financial and non-financial institutes to check their capital structure decisions. Another suggestion is to explore other variables such as; artificial intelligence and corporate governance. Specifically targeting Islamic banks in the SAARC area, this research contributes to the current body of knowledge by offering empirical proof of the critical variables impacting the capital structure of these institutions.

Balancing Job Satisfaction in High-Performance Work Systems: The Dual Role of Job Control and Work Overload

Muhammad Adeel Afzal — 2024-12-30

This study examines the differential impact of High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS), workload, and job control on job satisfaction among IT personnel. HPWS, a set of human resource practices to enhance employee and organizational effectiveness, can have unintended negative consequences, such as work overload. Using a sample of 173 experienced IT professionals from various organizations in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, this research investigates the complex relationships between HPWS, job satisfaction, work overload, and job control. Linear regression analysis reveals a positive relationship between HPWS and job satisfaction; however, work overload fully mediates this relationship, highlighting the potential drawbacks of HPWS implementation. Crucially, job control emerges as a critical moderator, mitigating the negative consequences of work overload and enhancing the positive effects of HPWS on job satisfaction. The findings provide valuable insights for top management seeking to design jobs that promote productivity, commitment, and job satisfaction while minimizing workload. By understanding the dual role of job control and work overload in HPWS, organizations can optimize their human resource strategies to foster a more balanced and fulfilling work environment. This study contributes to the existing literature on HPWS and job satisfaction, emphasizing the importance of considering the interplay between HPWS, workload, and job control in enhancing employee outcomes. The results significantly impact organizational policy and practice, particularly in the IT sector. In the future, researchers should aim to highlight the impact of HPWS on turnover intention or organizational commitment and examine the moderating effect of job control on turnover intention.