Minhaj International Journal of Economics and Organization Sciences

Measuring Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction in Determining ATM Service Quality and Customer Retention in Banking Sector of Pakistan

Muhammad Adnan Fraz — 2023-12-30

This study endeavors to investigate Bank ATM users' view towards perceived service quality and their retention. Mediating role of customer satisfaction was also explored. Ranking of ATM services was also measured. A cross-sectional research where 378 ATM users of three public sector universities of the capital city of Islamabad, Pakistan participated. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. For mediation Regression analysis in SPSS was used. Results show that Service quality attributes contribute positively and significantly towards customer retention and customer satisfaction. Partial mediation was found in the relationship of service quality attributes and customer retention. The result can be useful for banks in observing and enhancing ATM service quality.

Capital Structure and Profitability of Listed Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria

Amiru Balarabe Lawal — 2023-12-30

The general objective of this study is to investigate the effect of capital structure on profitability of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The study covers a period of ten years from 2013 to 2022 using a population of twenty one (21) consumer goods companies and sample of thirteen (13) companies. Data for the study were obtained through secondary sources using annual financial reports of the listed companies on the Nigerian stock exchange for the period. Capital Structure was measured using debt ratio and debt to equity ratio while return on assets was used to measure profitability using Ordinary Least Squares Regression. Findings revealed that debt ratio has negative and insignificant effect on return on assets, while debt to equity ratio has positive insignificant effect on return on assets. It was recommended that the consumer goods companies in Nigeria should carefully manage their capital structure to ensure financial stability, continue to monitor their financial performance and adjust their capital structure as needed, diversify funding sources and carefully consider the mix between debt and equity to mitigate financial risk.

Impact of Internal Auditor on Organizational Performance: Mediation through Independence of Internal Auditor and Support of Management Team

Sohail Nawaz Malhi — 2023-12-30

This study investigates the impact of internal auditor on organizational performance, focusing on the mediating impact of the independence of the internal auditor and the support of the management team. This research is conducted within the specific context of two prominent organizations, Waves Singer Pakistan Limited and Pak Elektron Limited. Organizational performance is assessed by a multidimensional framework consisting of several factors, including professionalism, adherence to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) rules, corporate governance practices, risk management, work-life balance, team training, and the influence of family relations within the organization. Through a comprehensive analysis of data from the selected organizations, the study reveals that internal auditor significantly affect various aspects of organizational performance. This research underscores the mediating role played by the independence of the internal auditor, emphasizing unbiased evaluations in driving organizational excellence. The supporting stance of the management team is a crucial aspect in enhancing the effectiveness of the internal audit purpose. The findings of the research study provide practical insight for organizations aiming to optimize their effectuation by empowering internal auditors, fostering independence, and promoting a collaborative environment within the management team. The study’s implications extend to practitioners, policymakers, and scholars interested in improving corporate governance, internal audit practices, and organization performance.

A Comparative Analysis of women’s Inheritance rights in urban and rural areas in Sindh

Imtiaz Ahmed — 2023-12-30

The suppression of women's inheritance rights, particularly prevalent in rural areas of Pakistan, reflects a societal dominance by males. Often framed as an emblem of gender inequality within Islam, the practice of women receiving half the inheritance share compared to men is a subject of controversy. This study aims to provide nuanced arguments and rationale supporting the practice within the context of Islamic law. Contrary to perceptions of discrimination, the study contends that the apparent gender bias stems from a failure to effectively implement Islamic inheritance laws in the community. Emphasizing women's inheritance rights as crucial for their socioeconomic and political empowerment, the research explores the range of choices available to women and the challenges they encounter in exercising these options autonomously. The study particularly delves into the urban and rural areas of Sindh, shedding light on the prevalent lack of awareness among women regarding their inherited rights as per Islamic principles and Pakistani law. Taking an ontological stance in its interpretive faculty and adopting an epistemological perspective aligned with social constructionism, the study identifies several socio-cultural factors influencing women's choices. These factors include the patriarchal system, misinterpretation of religious teachings, lack of awareness, restrictive legal systems, and limited educational opportunities. In response to these challenges, the study recommends initiatives to promote awareness of the legal avenues available to women for asserting their inheritance rights. It also underscores the critical role of female education in empowering women to make informed choices. By addressing these issues, the study advocates for a more equitable implementation of Islamic inheritance laws, aligning societal practices with the intended principles of gender equality inherent in both Shariah law and the Constitution of Pakistan.

Influence of Leadership Styles on Organizational Learning: Case Study of Private and Public Universities in Pakistan

Muntazir Hussain Trangfa — 2023-12-30

Leadership is to keep things in an absolute direction, its concern not only related to the splendid acts but also keep the team on straight direction with the help of learning organizational procedures, practices, and encourage team members to achieve set target with combine efforts. The focus of this study is to examine the role of transactional and transformational leadership on learning organizations by using Full Range Leadership Theory (FRLT). Transactional leadership measured by three dimensions; contingent reward, management by exception-active and exception-passive. Transformational leadership has four dimensions; idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual stimulation. Feedback sought from faculty and non-faculty from public and private selected 10 universities (5 public and 5 private universities) in Pakistan, within the radius of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Contingent reward in terms of transaction leadership, on the other side idealized influence, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration in terms of transformational leadership showed strong contribution for organizational learning. From comparative results, significant differences were noted in organizational leadership among these sectors. The study also confirmed FRLT perspective that end up by providing conclusion and future recommendations.