Journal of Nautical Eye and Strategic Studies

Securing Threatened Maritime Corridors

Ferhan Oral — 2024-12-30

The significance of safe and secure transportation has increased considering recent geopolitical shifts, including the Russian-Ukrainian war and the Israeli-Hamas conflict. The latter caused shipping companies to opt for more secure transportation routes despite the associated costs, and new routes avoiding high-risk areas have become more prominent. As part of the Belt and Road Initiative's (BRI) 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road, which connects Europe and Asia via the Red Sea and Suez route, major shipping companies had to circumnavigate the Cape of Good Hope in response to the Houthis' attacks. The U.S. Operation “Prosperity Guardian” and “Operation Aspides” launched by the E.U. did not entirely deter Houthi strikes against commercial ships with links to Israel. The increased frequency of piracy attacks in the Indian Ocean is another risk posed to commercial ships after the disruption in the Red Sea because of an increase in the intensity of shipping off the coasts of Eastern Africa. The security risks associated with the 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road and the potential security risks for the sea passages of the India-Middle East-Europe (IMEC) corridor are examined in this study. The conclusion drawn is that despite existing drawbacks such as capacity issues, there is potential for increased utilization of the Arctic Route and other multimodal transport corridors in the future for transporting goods from Asia to Europe.

Medicinal and Nutritional Significance of Grey Mangroves Marine Plant: An Underutilized Resource

Arshad Rasool — 2024-12-30

Grey Mangroves are widely distributed worldwide and provide a wide range of medicinal and nutritional benefits. These plants have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments, including cancer and diabetes. This article reviews the current research on the significance of grey mangroves in all over the world, especially Pakistan and suggests ways in which these resources can be better utilized to improve health outcomes. While the medicinal and nutritional properties of grey mangroves have been recognized for centuries, their potential has yet to be fully realized. Further research is needed to identify, isolate the active compounds to develop novel drugs and nutritional supplements. Finally, efforts should be made to increase public awareness of the health benefits of grey mangroves, so that more people can benefit from their medicinal and nutritional properties.

Contingency Management in achieving Maritime Supply Chain Resilience using 4A approach to enhance Port Performance in Pakistan.

Shahrukh Zohaib — 2024-12-30

This study investigates the role of contingency management in enhancing maritime supply chain resilience to improve port performance in Pakistan, focusing on disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the 4A framework Agility, Adaptability, Alignment, and Ambidexterity this research explores how these capabilities mitigate operational disruptions and improve port efficiency. A quantitative research design was employed, collecting data from 320 professionals in Pakistan's maritime sector through a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS software, employing techniques such as reliability, correlation, and regression analysis. Results demonstrate that agility, alignment, and ambidexterity significantly influence port performance, enhancing responsiveness, stakeholder collaboration, and balance between innovation and operational efficiency. However, adaptability showed an insignificant impact due to rigid infrastructural limitations in the regional context. The study emphasizes the integration of the 4A framework to build resilient supply chains, showcasing its potential to address vulnerabilities exposed during the pandemic. By providing actionable insights, this research contributes to the academic literature and offers practical strategies for strengthening maritime supply chain robustness in developing economies.

The Global Shipping Sector Amid COVID-19: Challenges and Adaptations to Global Maritime Transportation (2019-2022)

Dr. Saima Majeed — 2024-12-30

The emergence and spread of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly affected the entire world's health and macroeconomic dynamics. Other dominating economic sectors including the global maritime industry, which comprises various areas of expertise, present international employment opportunities and have also undergone substantial stress. The consequences of the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to global industries, with the shipping sector bearing a particularly heavy burden. This study comprehensively examines the ripple effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the shipping trade, considering factors for instance disrupted trade routes, labor shortages, and port closures. The research study also aims to contribute insights essential for building a more adaptive and resilient global shipping landscape in the wake of COVID-19 or similar pandemics. A combination of quantitative analysis, historical comparisons, industry insights, and case studies was used in the methodology to examine how COVID-19 would affect shipping volumes, container traffic, and port activities. These methods made it easier to comprehend the pandemic effects on the global shipping industry by incorporating real-world experiences. The results demonstrate that most respondents agree COVID-19 has prominently affected the shipping industry, leading to increased container costs and a greater focus on sustainability and environmental practices. Additionally, while many respondents believe the industry is prepared for future crises, a significant number are confident that shipping companies have adopted new health and safety protocols. The findings demonstrate that 30.6% of companies were significantly impacted by challenges in importing inputs from overseas. Export difficulties have led to decreased domestic sales, exacerbated by increased trade costs due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. In response to the challenges posed, the study proposed practical recommendations to minimize future risks, enhance supply chain resilience, and ensure the uninterrupted flow of global shipping operations.

The Trepidation Amid Non-Muslims in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis of the Apprehension Confronted by the Religious Minorities in Taliban’s Rule

Syed Sibtain Hussain Shah — 2024-12-30

This study examines the concerns of non-Muslim religious minorities in Taliban rule in Afghanistan since 2021. As the Taliban returned to power, fear had particularly increased among Sikhs, Hindus, Christians, and other communities who were already marginalized and facing significant challenges to their survival in the country. The rigid religious laws adopted by the Taliban current regime, combined with its previous harsh policies and resurgence of other militant groups such as Islamic State Khurasan Province (ISKP) and lack of protective measures, has fuelled worries over the safety and rights of these non-Muslim minorities. Studying contemporary incidents of frequent violence and prejudice, and the background of the persecution as a guideline, this paper seeks to investigate the social, religious, and traditional factors involving concerns among minorities.

Australia's Naval Modernization And Its Impact On Future Indo-Pacific Balance of Power

Ahmad Ibrahim — 2024-12-30

The research article examines the naval force modernization and strategic implications of Australia's rapidly expanding naval capabilities on Indo-Pacific power dynamics. Using theoretical lens of Balance of Power, article has evaluated how Canberra is expanding its power by enhancing military capabilities and by augmenting alliances with major powers. While Quad showcases multilateral co-operative arrangement between U.S., Australia, Japan, and India, it is AUKUS which is expected to impart major influence on future Indo-Pacific. With acquisition of nuclear attack submarines and development of advance naval combat capabilities, Canberra’s ability to project power across the Indo-Pacific is set to increase substantially. This modernization marks a shift from a predominantly defensive maritime posture toward a more assertive role. The article has provided overview of Australia’s current naval capabilities and has explored its naval modernization programs in all domain of naval warfare. It also analyses the broader geopolitical ramifications of Australia's growing naval strength, particularly in relation to AUKUS, within the Indo-Pacific region.

Marine Pollution and Its Mitigation Strategies

Shumaila Yousaf — 2024-12-30

Marine pollution is posing an unparalleled threat to the world's seas, with far-reaching effects on biodiversity, ecosystem health, and human well-being. This paper offers a thorough examination of the causes, effects, and methods for mitigating marine pollution, with an emphasis on oil spills, plastic pollution, runoff from agriculture, and industrial waste. We assess the efficacy of current mitigation strategies, such as alterations in behavior, legislative initiatives, and technological advancements. Our analysis emphasizes the need for a multifaceted strategy that tackles consumption patterns, waste management techniques, and climate change, the three main sources of marine pollution. We identify important research gaps and future directions, such as the creation of frameworks for international cooperation, climate-resilient infrastructure, and circular economy practices. With the goal of reducing marine pollution and advancing sustainable ocean management, this assessment intends to provide evidence-based policy and practices.